Ethical Leadership versus a Written Ethics Code Essay -- Ethics, Busin

Ethics, which is less commonly known to us as moral philosophy, is an affiliation of philosophy that talks about issues of morality, concepts such as crime and justice, good and evil go hand in hand with morality. Ethics plays a major part in society and it is the way people behave in certain situations, over the years it has come under the spotlight through numerous situations. In this essay I will discuss whether a written code of ethics combined with ethics training is more effective than strong ethical leadership and vice versa. In an organisation ethics are supposed to set standards as to what is the right thing to do in conduct and decision making however this is not always the case. Over the years different scandals have occurred which have shown that companies and in particular the people that run them are not at all ethical and only seek to maximize profits. Economical analysts throughout the years have suggested that the way to avoid such incidents is by either having a code of ethics along with ethics training or through strong ethical leadership. A code of ethics is written in order to help members of an organisation behave in an acceptable way within their given organisation. At the same time a code of ethics can help improve the popularity of the company due to the fact that it will be seen more favourable in the eyes of the public and of course the people that work in it. In addition, it will increase confidence within an organisation by showing to their rivals and the public that they are committed to following ethical guidelines. Firstly, a code of ethics is similar to the ACAS code of practice that is used in the government, however a code of ethics is strictly applied to the parameters of an organisation or ... ...ng to enhance the reputation of their company by being ethically faultless. Works Cited †¢ Anonymous, (nd) â€Å"Value based leadership.† Holt Cat, [Online] available from: http://www.holtcat.com/about_us/values_based_leadership.aspx [Accessed 29th November 2011] †¢ Daft, R., Kendrick, M. and Vershinina, N., 2008. Management, 8th ed. South-Western Higher Education. †¢ Daft, R. and Marcic, D., 2004. Understanding Management, 4th ed. South-Western Higher Education. †¢ Isidore, C., October 7, 2005 â€Å"Boeing CEO out in sex scandal.† CNN Money, [Online] available from: http://money.cnn.com/2005/03/07/news/fortune500/boeing_ceo/ [Accessed 30th November 2011] †¢ Wee, H., April 11, 2002 â€Å"Corporate Ethics: Right Makes Might.† Bloomberg Businessweek, [Online] available from: http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/apr2002/nf20020411_6350.htm [Accessed 30th November 2011]

Arithmetic Q

Question 1: Consider the following graph G. [pic] 1. Give the adjacency matrix and adjacency list of the graph G. (5 marks) adjacency matrix: [pic] adjacency list: |a | | b | |c | | d | |e | |f | b d a c e b e f a e b c d f c e 2. Give the incidence matrix and incidence list of the graph G. (5 marks) [pic] incidence matrix [pic] incidence list |1 | | 2 | |3 | | 4 | |5 | |6 | a b a d b c b e c e c e |7 | 8 | d e e f Question 2: Consider the graph I. Starting at the vertex a and resolving ties by the vertex alphabetical order traverse the graph by breadth-first-search (BFS) and construct the corresponding BFS tree. (5 marks) [pic] The order is : a b e g f c d h II. Starting at the vertex a and resolving ties by the vertex alphabetical order traverse the graph by depth-first-search (DFS) and construct the corresponding BFS tree. (5 marks) [pic] The order is : a b f e g c d h Question 3: Consider the following graph G.The label of an edge is the cost of the edge. 1. Using Prim's algorith m, draw a minimum spanning tree (MST) of the graph Also write down the change of the priority queue step by step and the order in which the vertices are selected. Is the MST drawn unique? (i. e. , is it the one and only MST for the graph? ) [7 marks] Not unique [pic] 2. Using Kruskal’s algorithm, draw a minimum spanning tree (MST) of the graph G. Write down the order in which the edges are selected. Is the MST drawn unique? (i. e. , is it the one and only MST for the graph? ) (5 marks)Not unique [pic] 3. Referring to the same graph above, find the shortest paths from the vertex a to all other vertices in the graph G using Dijkstra’s algorithm. Show the changes of the priority queue step by step and give the order in which edges are selected. (8 marks) [pic] Order in which edges are selected: a-e, e-f, a-b, f-g, b-c, g-h, c-d the shortest paths from the vertex a to all other vertices: a. b: 4 a. c: 10 a. d:17 a. e:1 a. f:3 a. g:8 a. h: 16 N. B. There may be more than on e solution. You only need to give one of the solutions.

Kate Chopin’s the Awakening Essay

The Awakening, Edna Pontellier is caught by the contradictions between the way others see her and the way she sees herself. The novella is a story narrating her awakening and discovery of self. â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beginning to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her. †¦ How few of us ever emerge from the beginning! † The narrator is remarking at Edna’s boldness and uniqueness as an independent woman on a quest for self-discovery. And the narrator also points out â€Å"How many souls perish in [the beginning’s] tumult! † which serves to predict the chaos that comes about as Edna’s awareness grows – and can also be read as a remark foreshadowing her death. The female role that involves bearing children and being a â€Å"perfect† wife is also an important aspect of the society represented in The Awakening. While this lifestyle suits someone like Adele Ratignolle, Edna finds it unbearable and oppressive. She loves Robert and he inspires her, but her awakening at Grand Isle was complex — She does not simply find a new love interest, she finds a new way of appreciating and living life. Robert is more of an excuse and an occupation rather than a full explanation for her transformation. Even though Edna’s awakening means she suffers from the resulting self-awareness, the year of joy and understanding that accompanies this suffering is worth more to her than a lifetime of the semi-conscious submission that defined her former existence. The years that are gone seem like dreams—if one might go on sleeping and dreaming—but to wake up and find—oh! well! Perhaps it is better to wake up after all, even to suffer, rather than to remain a dupe to illusions all one’s life. † According to Edna, to live with self-awareness offers an existence far richer than a life lived according to the restricting â€Å"illusions† that are imposed by the expec tations of others.

Background information on how the development LASIK

However, the majority of humans who wear glasses or contact lenses are bothering from it. Therefore, Jose Barraquer discovered LASIK in 1950, which is considered one of the recent technologies in vision correction. LASIK is a Latin word that indicates to create a thin layer of the cornea (black eye) and then using the laser vision correction (LASIK Portal, 2010). Background information on how the development LASIK Lasik is one of the most important types of eye surgery in advance medical that intended for improving in particular Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism. It was invention by Jose Barraquer at the first time, where he effectuated the first operationto reduce the thin flaps in the cornea to change its shape by keratomileusis. By 1981, the Alaximr Laser was been founded which worked on ultraviolet radiation, and it was used at the first time by Rangaswamy Srinivasan to decrease tissue in specific way through extract layers of thin films without any effects thermal in surrounding area. As a result, he could use this kind of Laser without any side effect compared to different type of Laser which worked in the field of visible radiation. After a number of experiments, the Lasik technique has been improved in 1990 by Ioannis Pallikaris and Lucio Buratto to become more accuracy than keratomileusis. All of these results led Stephen Brint and Stephen Slade to performed surgery operation in the United States for the first time (Ezine Articles, 2011). With the development of technology, Lasik has become more fast than before and it has been improved to be better (Wikipedia, 2011). The way the LASIK has affected peoples’ lives; . The majority of humans bother from wearing spectacles or contact lenses therefore they want to eliminate them by Lasik. Lasik has many positive effects on humans including that Lasik has ability to accurately correct most layers of Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism. Moreover, its surgery occupies five to ten minutes with painless or very little pain. It is one of the easiest operations because it is operated by computer and does not require any stitches after it.One of the most important factors of Lasik that most patients are not longer needed corrective glasses. Conclusion Background information on how the development LASIK However, the majority of humans who wear glasses or contact lenses are bothering from it. Therefore, Jose Barraquer discovered LASIK in 1950, which is considered one of the recent technologies in vision correction. LASIK is a Latin word that indicates to create a thin layer of the cornea (black eye) and then using the laser vision correction (LASIK Portal, 2010). Background information on how the development LASIK Lasik is one of the most important types of eye surgery in advance medical that intended for improving in particular Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism. It was invention by Jose Barraquer at the first time, where he effectuated the first operationto reduce the thin flaps in the cornea to change its shape by keratomileusis. By 1981, the Alaximr Laser was been founded which worked on ultraviolet radiation, and it was used at the first time by Rangaswamy Srinivasan to decrease tissue in specific way through extract layers of thin films without any effects thermal in surrounding area. As a result, he could use this kind of Laser without any side effect compared to different type of Laser which worked in the field of visible radiation. After a number of experiments, the Lasik technique has been improved in 1990 by Ioannis Pallikaris and Lucio Buratto to become more accuracy than keratomileusis. All of these results led Stephen Brint and Stephen Slade to performed surgery operation in the United States for the first time (Ezine Articles, 2011). With the development of technology, Lasik has become more fast than before and it has been improved to be better (Wikipedia, 2011). The way the LASIK has affected peoples’ lives; . The majority of humans bother from wearing spectacles or contact lenses therefore they want to eliminate them by Lasik. Lasik has many positive effects on humans including that Lasik has ability to accurately correct most layers of Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism. Moreover, its surgery occupies five to ten minutes with painless or very little pain. It is one of the easiest operations because it is operated by computer and does not require any stitches after it.One of the most important factors of Lasik that most patients are not longer needed corrective glasses. Conclusion

A criminial case with relevant, reliable, and competent evidence Essay

A criminial case with relevant, reliable, and competent evidence - Essay Example This was emphasized in the Supreme Court’s ruling in Holbrook v Hymn. The Court held that in accordance with the provisions of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution, the guilt of the accused was to be determined exclusively on the basis of the evidence presented during trial. Furthermore, guilt could not be established on the basis of official suspicion, indictment, continued custody or other circumstances (Gardner & Anderson , 2009, p. 31). Evidence that is relevant, reliable and not otherwise inadmissible at trial is deemed to be competent evidence. The defendant in Holmes v South Carolina, endeavored to introduce evidence that the murder had been committed by a third party. In this effort the defendant offered witnesses who exhibited willingness to testify that the third party had committed the crime. This testimony was excluded by the trial court on the grounds that the case against the defendant was strong and that the evidence against the third party merely generated a bare suspicion. The defendant was convicted of murder, and this sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court of South Carolina (Gardner & Anderson , 2009, p. 32). In this case, the Supreme Court of South Carolina affirmed that any evidence of third party guilt had to generate a reasonable implication of innocence. In addition, such evidence had to be restricted to the facts that were not in conformity with the guilt of the defendant. The Court further clarified that the forensic evidence was almost conclusive in indicating the guilt of the defendant, and that the evidence against the third party was effective only to the extent of creating a bare suspicion. In such cases, the evidence against the third party was inadequate for producing a reasonable implication of innocence regarding the defendant (Holmes v. South Carolina). Thereafter, this case was put up for direct review in the US Supreme Court. In its unanimous decision this Court

CSR and challenges faced by MNCs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CSR and challenges faced by MNCs - Essay Example 3). Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are found to experience intense pressure for performing socially responsible activities in their global operations. However, the corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the global perspective and its management by the MNCs are still less understood. There has been an increased promotion of CSR activities followed in the business environment worldwide. In addition to this, various voluntary initiatives and global guidelines are emerging to facilitate improvement of CSR in global operations. MNCs can be considered to be consisting of differentiated network which are significantly complex in nature. They are associated with internal heterogeneity and are required to face various complex situations related to managing across units that are globally diverse and dispersed (Barlett, Doz, and Hedlund, 1990). MNCs have to face diverse environments related to their stakeholders spread over all their international operations in various geographical areas of the world. The MNCs are required to address diverse issues of their stakeholders in diverse contexts and multiple levels of their operations. Managing of CSR by MNCs globally also involves cross border management and transfer of CSR activities across different geographical locations where they operate. MNCs are also required to manage the local CSR practices that are suited to the regional and local context of their subsidiary units. Hence, the MNCs have to face multiple and demanding challenges regarding management of their CSR activities across the globe. This paper entails about all those demanding challenges that are being faced by most of the MNCs worldwide today and how they are managing to do so in an effective manner to ensure their sustainable growth and development in future. CSR and Challenges Faced by MNCs The interests of the society are recognised through the CSR practices followed by an organisation and it takes the responsibility of the various impacts that its b usiness activities can have on the shareholders, employees, community people and the external environment. CSR can help in serving different purposes for a business organisation. It helps to ensure the fact that the business process is being conducted by the organisations in an ethical way and in alignment with the corresponding interests of the community. It helps in responding in a positive manner to the emerging priorities in the society. CSR serves the purpose of developing willingness amongst the organisations to act beyond the regulatory confrontation. It also helps in maintaining a balance between interests of the shareholders of the company and the wider community. As mentioned earlier, corporate social responsibility has received renewed attention in the business world in the recent years. CSR is now considered to be a critical issue that is needed to be followed by the MNCs mainly because of the increasing demands and expectations from the society, and are also driven by v arious factors like the campaigns organised by the NGOs, managers of the companies who are ethical minded, and seeking opportunities to improve the reputation of the organisations. It is unfortunate that most of the companies begin with big words and come up with responsibility policies and statements,

Discuss the economic and demographic arguments for and against new Essay

Discuss the economic and demographic arguments for and against new labour migration - Essay Example Population characteristics of UK and its economic implications UK is among the developed western continents. Majority of the people in UK are old aged as the lifespan is longer, but this reduces the population growth rate because the aged are not within the productive age brackets. Economically, these people are not strong enough to provide workforce needed in economic building (Borjas 2000; Kupiszewski, 2012). Additionally, due to their age, there is no possibility of young generation to replace them in the work environment (Lisiankova and Wright, 2005). This population structure poses a threat to both population structure and economic condition of the country. To address this condition, several procedures have been formulated. One of the measures includes encouraging labor immigration. Need for immigration Given the scenario of UK population challenges, analysts and economists would raise question to find out whether UK requires immigrants or there are other options that can be fol lowed. By understanding the need for immigrants, it will be easier to formulate appropriate policies to be used (Borjas 2000). Currently, UK migration is characterized by the two types, international and domestic migration. Labor immigration has great effects in the UK’s economy and population. ... This is to ensure the adverse effects of immigration are addressed now and in future (Borjas 2000; Great Britain, 2012). UK countries need to remain pro active in policy making in regard to immigration and future labor market situation. In economics, philosophers have concluded that through migration everybody benefits. The countries receiving employees benefit through reducing the labor shortage and produce low cost products. Countries, from which the people come from, reduce the rate of unemployment while the workers in the foreign land benefit. From the above theory, it can be noted that it is true, but these benefits are only in the short run; in long run, migration cost is huge. Countries getting foreign workers endanger their citizen job security. The native employees in firms may be fired to recruit cheap workers from foreign countries. This is so in nations with labor market which inflexible (Borjas 2000). It is therefore important to check on the flexibility of labor market before formulating policies that encourage immigration. Immigrants find themselves trading off their rights for wealth creation in other countries. The immigrants are exposed to high chances of being exploited in the foreign countries. Merits of Immigration Creation mobility of job - Immigration leads to establishment of new jobs because of economic growth and enhancement of job mobility. In 18th to 20th century, over one third of UK’s population growth, moved to other countries, but this was not sustained for long. In 21st century, largest increase in population is due to immigration. It is important for any country to control the movement of people across the borders. Migration has effects on both demographics and economic performance of a country. Demographics